AI đang đặt lại câu hỏi về cách phân phối và khai thác giá trị từ sự chú ý của người dùng trên web.
Trình duyệt, từng là công cụ cũ kỹ, nay trở thành vũ khí chiến lược trong kỷ nguyên AI.
Perplexity bất ngờ đưa ra đề nghị 34,5 tỷ USD mua lại Chrome. Động thái này phụ thuộc vào phán quyết chống độc quyền buộc Google thoái vốn. OpenAI cũng bày tỏ quan tâm và được cho là phát triển trình duyệt riêng.
Chrome hiện có lượng người dùng gấp ba lần Safari. Google từng trả 20 tỷ USD cho Apple (2022) để giữ vị trí mặc định trên Safari. Nếu Chrome có chủ mới, giá trị doanh thu tiềm năng có thể vượt 60 tỷ USD/năm.
Tuy nhiên, sự phát triển của chatbot AI có thể làm giảm số lượt tìm kiếm và doanh thu quảng cáo – yếu tố từng duy trì giá trị trình duyệt.
Ba kịch bản về tương lai trình duyệt với AI:
AI tích hợp trong trình duyệt: hỗ trợ so sánh giá, đọc nhiều bài đánh giá, xử lý tác vụ lặp lại – nhưng người dùng vẫn kiểm soát.
Chatbot điều khiển trình duyệt: AI mở tab và lướt web thay cho con người, như agent trong ChatGPT. Người dùng chỉ giám sát ở mức tối thiểu.
Web cho AI agents: bỏ qua trình duyệt truyền thống, AI kết nối trực tiếp dịch vụ qua API và giao thức mới (MCP, A2A), không cần sự chú ý của con người.
Vai trò cuối cùng của trình duyệt vẫn chưa rõ, nhưng sự chú ý của con người vẫn là tài sản giá trị nhất. Nếu AI giúp tối ưu hóa tác vụ thường ngày, con người có thể dành nhiều thời gian hơn cho dịch vụ hữu ích.
Ngược lại, nếu chatbot hút hết sự chú ý, mô hình web hiện tại – dựa vào trình duyệt và quảng cáo – sẽ bị lung lay.
📌 Trình duyệt trở thành chiến trường mới trong kỷ nguyên AI: Perplexity đề nghị 34,5 tỷ USD mua Chrome, OpenAI nghiên cứu đối thủ. Với Chrome chiếm ba lần người dùng Safari và giá trị tiềm năng 60 tỷ USD/năm, câu hỏi lớn là khi chatbot giảm nhu cầu tìm kiếm, liệu trình duyệt còn giữ vai trò trung tâm hay sẽ bị thay thế bởi “agentic web” do AI vận hành?
https://www.ft.com/content/3bdaa695-6dc6-44d4-93c1-cc766cc707f5
How AI will change the browser wars
The ability to steer large audiences to particular digital services has huge strategic value
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The Google Chrome logo displayed on a laptop and smartphone screen, with red and green lighting in the background
As chatbots answer more questions directly, there are likely to be fewer searches and less ad revenue for browsers like Google Chrome © Bloomberg
Richard Waters
Mass use of artificial intelligence calls into question behaviours that have underpinned some of the biggest online markets. Among them: how will people’s attention be directed and monetised, if much of what they do on the internet is channelled through chatbots or automated away through AI agents?
Those questions are at the heart of a new war that is brewing around web browsers. Software from the early days of the web might seem an unlikely competitive weapon in the AI era. But its ability to steer large audiences to particular digital services still has huge strategic value, and it is being repurposed to play an important supporting role.
Last week’s announcement by AI upstart Perplexity that it is willing to pay $34.5bn for Google’s Chrome browser was a sighting shot in this emerging battle. The offer will be moot unless the judge presiding over a US antitrust trial forces Google to sell. OpenAI has also signalled it would like to buy Chrome, while reports suggest it is developing a browser of its own.
The interest in Chrome highlights the central role browsers have played in digital distribution. But the battle that is brewing over browsers also points to disruption ahead, as AI changes the way people find information or carry out actions over the web.
Take the value of distribution first. Google paid Apple $20bn to be the default in its Safari browser in 2022, according to evidence produced during its antitrust trial. Chrome has more than three times as many users as Safari, so a new owner might hope for annual revenue of more than $60bn. That points to a far higher potential sale price than Perplexity has offered.
This, however, assumes a continuation of the status quo in which Google splits its ad revenue in return for default browser placement. The whole point of the antitrust case is to cut Google down to size, so letting it bid under a new owner to remain the default in Chrome would defeat the purpose of forcing it to divest in the first place.
Also, will those Google users continue to be worth as much as they are today? As chatbots answer more questions directly, there are likely to be fewer searches and less ad revenue.
This leads to the next question: how exactly will AI change the nature of browsing? More automation implies less human intervention. Three different models for how this might evolve are starting to emerge.
In one, AI embedded into a browser supercharges the user experience by taking over some of the browsing functions. You could, for instance, ask the AI to open multiple web pages to compare airline fares or look at several reviews of a new movie. The browser performs routine work and provides some hand-holding, but a person stays in charge.
This is the direction most browser makers have been moving in (though Google, perhaps wary of stirring up fresh antitrust scrutiny if it moves too aggressively to embed its AI in Chrome, has been cautious so far).
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A second approach also involves AI taking on browsing duties, though it takes place from within an AI app. A chatbot opens a browser of its own, then emulates a person, clicking through web pages. This is the idea behind the agent in ChatGPT. The user can still monitor this automated browsing, though the degree of involvement may be small.
In the third, AI agents use purpose-built tools to work online, rather than operating through browsers that were designed for humans. They tap into online services or databases through APIs (or programming “hooks”), and they use new web protocols, with names like MCP and A2A, that are designed to facilitate “agentic” action online. This is a web designed with AI automation at its heart, no human attention required.
What part browser software will end up playing is unclear. As with much about AI, it will take time to see how people adapt to the new technology.
But one thing is certain: human curiosity and attention are a constant that won’t go away. There may be new ways to accomplish routine tasks online, but if that results in people spending more time on the websites or services they find most useful, the value of that attention might actually increase.
AI companies like to claim this means they do not represent an existential threat to the web in its current form, and that businesses that depend on the web for an audience will continue to thrive. Perhaps. But if much of the attention is sucked away by a chatbot, the future of web browsing looks tenuous.